Etymological survey of Modern English The reason of borrowings: 1.It serve as the subject or object of a verb, and the object of. The noun and its categories The noun is expression that refer to a person, place, thing, event, substance, quality or idea.It should be noted that the wealth of expressive resources of a language largely depends on the degree to which polysemy has developed in the. Polysemy in Modern English Most English words are polysemantic.In English there are a lot of synonyms, because there are many borrowings. Synonyms, antonyms, homonyms and their types Synonyms are words different in their outer aspects, but identical or similar in their inner aspects.In the English literary standard Galperin distinguishes the following. Classification of functional styles, belles-lettres style A functional style of language is a system of interrelated language means which serves a definite aim in communication.French borrowings The Normans in England belonged to the Capetian dynasty spoke Norman French this became non-prestigious in France as the variety spoken by the Angevian dynasty in France, Parisian French.We put the subject before the verb and the object after the predicate. Structural classification of Sentences The meaning of an English sentence depends on the word order.It consists in adding an affix to the stem of a definite part of speech. Affixation Affixation is one of the most productive ways of word-building throughout the history of English.The traditional grammatical classes or words are called «parts of speech». Grammatical classes of words The words of language, depending on various formal and semantic features, are divided into grammatically relevant sets or classes.It consists of two layers - the native stock of words and the borrowed stock of words. Native and borrowed words Native Etymologically the vocabulary of the English language is far from being homogenous.Phonetic Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices The theory of sense - independence of separate sounds is based on a subjective interpretation of sound associations and has nothing to do with objective scientific data.This resulted in the distinction between learned and popular vocabulary in English. Many of the new words are academic in nature therefore: affidavit, apparatus, caveat, corpuscle, compendium, equilibrium, equinox, formula, inertia, incubate, momentum, molecule, pendulum, premium, stimulus, subtract, vaccinate, vacuum.
One great motivation for the borrowings was the change in social order, where scientific and philosophical empiricism was beginning to be valued.
Sometimes, it is difficult to say whether the loan-words were direct borrowings from Latin or had come in through French (because, after all, Latin was also the language of learning among the French). Many Latin borrowings came in in the early MnE period. Christianity also brought with it learning: circul, not (note), paper, scol (school), epistol. Terms in religion were borrowed: pope, bishop, monk, nun, cleric, demon, disciple, mass, priest, shrine. Latin was also the language of Christianity, and St Augustine arrived in Britain in AD 597 to christianise the nation. Latin loanwords reflected the superior material culture of the Roman Empire, which had spread across Europe: street, wall, candle, chalk, inch, pound, port, camp. Latin, being the language of the Roman Empire, had already influenced the language of the Germanic tribes even before they set foot in Britain.
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